In the current study, we explored the contextual influence of marital quality and social support satisfaction on the association between depressive symptoms and parenting during early childhood. Using two large, divergent, longitudinal samples (n = 526; n = 570), we tested the independent moderating effects of marital quality and social support satisfaction among partnered and single women. Unexpectedly, in both samples the association between maternal depressive symptoms and reduced parenting quality was strongest in the context of high marital quality and high social support satisfaction, and largely non-significant in the context of low marital quality and low social support satisfaction. Social support satisfaction played a stronger moderating role among single, compared to partnered, women. Possible explanations for these surprising findings are discussed. Results point to the importance of accounting for larger family context in predicting the impact depression may have on maternal parenting.